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One of the two toilets in the privies is occupied. Try pulling the handle.

 

I need to go to the courtyard.

A row of Privies

In the yard behind the tobacco factory stands an outhouse containing two privy compartments. These were known as retirades and were shared by the residents of the surrounding houses. The term retirade comes from the French word meaning “to withdraw” or “retreat”. Many retirades were built in the towns and cities of the nineteenth century, but there were rarely enough of them to serve the growing number of newcomers.


The Barrel System

In many outhouses, the pits beneath the privy seats were replaced by barrels. From 1878 onwards, all property owners in Aarhus were required to use standardised, watertight barrels, partly to help prevent pollution and outbreaks of disease. Ideally, full barrels were to be transported outside the city, emptied and cleaned. In practice, however, many were simply emptied into a night-soil cart and returned to the privy without being cleaned.

Did you know?

That in the nineteenth century people often used a lobster claw as a keyring for the privy key? Only the wealthy could afford to eat lobster, so a claw used as a keyring signalled a certain social status—though it was often a case of “borrowed feathers”.

That cleaning the privies was often done on a rotating basis? This scheduled duty was called the “Saturday obligation”. Cleaning, for example, involved scrubbing the seat and sprinkling sand on the floor.

 

Some people attached a lobster claw to their toilet key as a pendant, to give the impression of wealth.

 

Around 1900, treatment stations were built where the cleaning of the new, sealed toilet barrels took place.
Photo: Copenhagen Museum.